A simple model accounting for the uptake,transport, and deposition of wind‐eroded mineral particles in the hyperarid coastal Atacama Desert of northern Chile     

Stephane C. Alfaro  Valentina Flores‐Aqueveque  Gilles Foret  Sandrine Caquineau  Gabriel Vargas  Jose A. Rutllant 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(7):923-932

As previously observed in marine sediments collected downwind of African or South American continental sources, recent studies of sediment cores collected at the bottom of Mejillones Bay in north Chile (23°S) show a laminated structure in which the amount of particles of aeolian origin and their size create significant differences between the layers. This suggests inter‐annual to inter‐decadal variations in the strength of the local southerly winds responsible for (1) the erosion of the adjacent hyperarid surface of the Mejillones Pampa, and (2) the subsequent transport of the eroded particles towards the bay. A simple model accounting for the vertical uptake, transport, and deposition of the particles initially set into motion by wind at the surface of the pampa is proposed. This model, which could be adapted to other locations, assumes that the initial rate of (vertical) uptake is proportional to the (horizontal) saltation flux quantified by means of White's equation, that particles are lifted to a height (H), increasing with the magnitude of turbulence, and that sedimentation progressively removes the coarsest particles from the air column as it moves towards the bay. In this model, the proportionality constant (A) linking the vertical flux of particles with the horizontal flux, and the injection height (H) control the magnitude and size distribution of the deposition flux in the bay. Their values are determined using the wind speed measured over the pampa and the size distribution of particles collected in sediment traps deployed in the bay as constraints. After calibration, the model is used to assess the sensitivity of the deposition flux to the wind intensity variations. The possibility of performing such quantitative studies is necessary for interpreting precisely the variability of the aeolian material in the sediment cores collected at the bottom of Mejillones Bay. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2008年汶川地震相关堆积物的细颗粒石英光释光测年研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨会丽  陈杰  刘进峰  余松 《地震地质》2011,33(2):413-420

现代强震相关堆积物的释光测年研究有助于理解古地震相关沉积物释光测年的地质意义,提高古地震测年的精度和准确度,更好地认识大地震发生的规律.文中选择了若干典型的2008年汶川大地震的相关堰塞湖堆积物、泄洪堆积物和喷砂堆积物,进行了细颗粒石英光释光测年研究.结果表明,这些地震相关沉积物中的细颗粒石英灵敏度较高,但释光信号并未...  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据定量判识沙尘暴方法的对比研究     

陶然  于曼竹 《地理信息世界》2011,9(3):51-54

利用MODIS数据,结合具体实例,对比研究当前几种利用光谱特征定量判识沙尘暴的方法。从理论上剖析各方法的原理,分析其优劣,并提出一套新的算法的组合方式。研究结果表明,新的组合算法有不小的改进：①大大降低了单一算法在不同时间或地区图像中阈值取值不稳定的影响,减少了图像噪声造成的误判,增强了其通用性和稳定性;②明显减弱了太...  相似文献   

孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组细分对比标志特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乐大发  陈清华  张福利 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):84-88

基于沉积学和储层地质学理论,以孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组高弯曲流河沉积为例,充分利用密井网条件下的测井资料,研究储层细分对比中的标志类型、特征、分布及其应用。首先,介绍了馆1+2砂层组的测井响应、地震反射等宏观特征;接着,利用感应电导率曲线、自然电位曲线的响应特征寻找细分对比标志;然后,将选取的标志联合使用得到孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组的顶面构造图。结果表明:研究区缺少全区性标志,但存在局部性标志;局部性标志有泥岩类、砂岩类、"钙质尖"类、砂泥组合类等4类;泥岩类标志表现出高感应电导率特点,砂岩类标志表现为低电阻率,自然电位曲线呈"箱形"或小型的"钟形","钙质尖"类标志表现为高电阻、高微电阻、低声波时差,低自然电位值的尖锋,砂泥组合类标志表现为感应曲线特征的可对比性强;泥岩类和砂岩类标志分布面积较大,呈局部连片状;"钙质尖"类和砂泥组合类标志分布面积较小,呈条带状;上述4类标志在平面上的叠合分布完全覆盖研究区。总之,充分利用好局部性标志,同样能够很好地进行类似地区的储层细分对比。  相似文献   

输沙量与输沙势的关系   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

张正偲  董治宝  赵爱国  钱广强 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):824-827

 区域风沙活动在时间、空间和强度上的不确定性,导致对输沙量进行长期测定比较困难。所以,输沙量通常是用来研究短期的风沙活动强度,对长期的风沙活动强度,一般是利用输沙势来衡量,使用这两种指标评价区域风沙活动强度,势必会产生一定的差异。利用中国科学院风沙科学观测场积累的长期输沙量和输沙势观测资料,对区域风沙活动强度进行评价。研究结果表明,月输沙量变化在0.89~18.11 kg·m-1之间,而月输沙势变化在0.03~21.01之间,每年的4—5月是风沙活动最为强烈的时期; 输沙量随输沙势增加而增加,它们之间可以近似用线性函数来表达。  相似文献   

风沙流中沙粒拖曳力系数研究     

曹晞雍  谢莉 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):593-596

 拖曳力系数是计算风沙流中沙粒受空气阻力的重要参数。考虑实际风沙流中沙粒浓度及沙粒形状,利用FLUENT软件首先计算了不同风速下距地表不同高度处两沙粒的拖曳力系数,给出了影响沙粒拖曳力系数的间距范围,然后计算了真实风沙流中不同高度沙粒拖曳力系数。结果表明,给定风速下拖曳力系数随距地面高度的增加先减小后增加,并将沙粒拖曳力系数拟合成距床面高度的函数,该函数与风速有关。  相似文献   

复杂风况条件下戈壁输沙量变化规律的研究     

张伟民  王涛  汪万福  张国彬  邱飞  詹鸿涛 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):543-549

 戈壁输沙量与输沙势的定量关系一直是风沙地貌及风沙工程的关键科学问题之一。对莫高窟顶戈壁输沙量的长期监测（2008年5月至2009年4月）结果表明,窟顶戈壁输沙势为129VU,窟顶北侧的总输沙量约905 kg·m-1左右。其中,偏东风输沙量达500 kg·m-1,偏西风输沙量达320 kg·m-1。当风速大于11 m·s-1时,戈壁风沙发生长距离的输送,偏西风可将265 kg·m-1的沙量输送到窟区,偏东风可将410 kg·m-1的沙量吹回到鸣沙山。根据本区偏东风强盛,且偏东风戈壁输沙量大于偏西风输沙量的特点,提出了以固为主,输导结合的莫高窟风沙防治的主导思路。认为在窟顶构建一个既能阻截沙物质,又能对阻截的沙物质进行输导的人工戈壁床面是完全可行的。  相似文献   

A wind tunnel investigation on the transverse motion of aeolian sand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZhenTing Wang  QianHua Zhang  ZhiBao Dong 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(1):0013-0016

A wind tunnel experiment was performed to investigate aeolian grain motions in the transverse direction, which is perpendicular to the incoming flow and parallels the sand bed. The trajectories in the horizontal plane were recorded by high-speed camera. Statistical analysis of 630 trajectories shows that both the motion orientation and the time-averaged speed follow Gaussian distributions. An exclusive method was used to analyze the driving mechanism. It was concluded that the three-dimensional turbulent air flow, rather than the spin of grain or grain–bed collisions, controls the transverse motion.  相似文献   

Characteristics of sand damages and dynamic environment along the Tuotuohe section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway     

KeCun Zhang  QingHe Niu  JianJun Qu  ZhengYi Yao  QingJie Han 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(2):0137-0142

Sand damages along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway occur frequently and have spread rapidly since it was completely opened to traffic in 2006. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of sand damages on the railway via meteorological data and in situ observation of wind-blown sand. We selected the Tuotuohe section of this railway as a typical research object, and we systematically investigated its characteristics of sand damages, drift potential, sand-driving wind rose, and their time variation. The direction of sand-drifting wind clearly varies with the season. In winter, the predominant wind blows from the west and lasts for three months, while in summer the frequency of northeasterly wind begins to increase and multi-directional winds also occurs in July. The drift potential in this area is 705.81 VU, which makes this a high-energy wind environment according to Fryberger’s definition. The directional variability (RDP/DP) is 0.84 and the resultant drift potential is 590.42 VU with a resultant direction of 89.1°.  相似文献   

东营凹陷下第三系层序地层研究与隐蔽油气藏预测   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

张德武  冯有良  邱以钢  闵伟  郭玉新  赵乐强  向立宏 《沉积学报》2004,22(1):67-72

应用层序地层学理论,利用地震、测井、岩心和分析化验资料,建立了东营凹陷下第三系层序界面识别标志,把东营凹陷下第三系划分为 1个超层序组,4个超层序,10个层序,进行体系域划分,建立了东营凹陷下第三系层序地层格架。构造坡折带是指由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带,对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要影响。通过层序地层格架与构造坡折带的研究,建立东营凹陷层序发育模式。受构造坡折带控制的层序低位域砂体和湖侵体系域砂体,成藏条件良好,最有利于形成隐蔽油气藏。  相似文献